أَلَعَلَّ عِنْدَ اللهِ ظُلْماً؟ حَاشَا! لأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ لِمُوسَى: إِنِّي أَرْحَمُ مَنْ أَرْحَمُ وَأَتَرَاءَفُ عَلَى مَنْ أَتَرَاءَفُ. فَإِذاً لَيْسَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَلاَ لِمَنْ يَسْعَى بَلْ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يَرْحَمُ
من رسالة القدس بولس الرسول لأهل رومة/09/من06حتى28/وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا حَتَّى إِنَّ كَلِمَةَ اللهِ قَدْ سَقَطَتْ. لأَنْ لَيْسَ جَمِيعُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ هُمْ إِسْرَائِيلِيُّونَ وَلاَ لأَنَّهُمْ مِنْ نَسْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ هُمْ جَمِيعاً أَوْلاَدٌ. بَلْ بِإِسْحَاقَ يُدْعَى لَكَ نَسْلٌ. أَيْ لَيْسَ أَوْلاَدُ الْجَسَدِ هُمْ أَوْلاَدَ اللهِ بَلْ أَوْلاَدُ الْمَوْعِدِ يُحْسَبُونَ نَسْلاً. لأَنَّ كَلِمَةَ الْمَوْعِدِ هِيَ هَذِهِ: أَنَا آتِي نَحْوَ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ وَيَكُونُ لِسَارَةَ ابْنٌ. وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فَقَطْ بَلْ رِفْقَةُ أَيْضاً وَهِيَ حُبْلَى مِنْ وَاحِدٍ وَهُوَ إِسْحَاقُ أَبُونَا . لأَنَّهُ وَهُمَا لَمْ يُولَدَا بَعْدُ وَلاَ فَعَلاَ خَيْراً أَوْ شَرّاً لِكَيْ يَثْبُتَ قَصْدُ اللهِ حَسَبَ الِاخْتِيَارِ لَيْسَ مِنَ الأَعْمَالِ بَلْ مِنَ الَّذِي يَدْعُو قِيلَ لَهَا: إِنَّ الْكَبِيرَ يُسْتَعْبَدُ لِلصَّغِيرِ. كَمَا هُوَ مَكْتُوبٌ: أَحْبَبْتُ يَعْقُوبَ وَأَبْغَضْتُ عِيسُوَ. فَمَاذَا نَقُولُ؟ أَلَعَلَّ عِنْدَ اللهِ ظُلْماً؟ حَاشَا! لأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ لِمُوسَى: إِنِّي أَرْحَمُ مَنْ أَرْحَمُ وَأَتَرَاءَفُ عَلَى مَنْ أَتَرَاءَفُ. فَإِذاً لَيْسَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَلاَ لِمَنْ يَسْعَى بَلْ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يَرْحَمُ. لأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ الْكِتَابُ لِفِرْعَوْنَ: إِنِّي لِهَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ أَقَمْتُكَ لِكَيْ أُظْهِرَ فِيكَ قُوَّتِي وَلِكَيْ يُنَادَى بِاسْمِي فِي كُلِّ الأَرْضِ. فَإِذاً هُوَ يَرْحَمُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُقَسِّي مَنْ يَشَاءُ. فَسَتَقُولُ لِي:(لِمَاذَا يَلُومُ بَعْدُ لأَنْ مَنْ يُقَاوِمُ مَشِيئَتَهُ؟ بَلْ مَنْ أَنْتَ أَيُّهَا الإِنْسَانُ الَّذِي تُجَاوِبُ اللهَ؟ أَلَعَلَّ الْجِبْلَةَ تَقُولُ لِجَابِلِهَا: لِمَاذَا صَنَعْتَنِي هَكَذَا؟ أَمْ لَيْسَ لِلْخَزَّافِ سُلْطَانٌ عَلَى الطِّينِ أَنْ يَصْنَعَ مِنْ كُتْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِنَاءً لِلْكَرَامَةِ وَآخَرَ لِلْهَوَانِ؟ فَمَاذَا إِنْ كَانَ اللهُ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُظْهِرَ غَضَبَهُ وَيُبَيِّنَ قُوَّتَهُ احْتَمَلَ بِأَنَاةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ آنِيَةَ غَضَبٍ مُهَيَّأَةً لِلْهَلاَكِ. وَلِكَيْ يُبَيِّنَ غِنَى مَجْدِهِ عَلَى آنِيَةِ رَحْمَةٍ قَدْ سَبَقَ فَأَعَدَّهَا لِلْمَجْدِ الَّتِي أَيْضاً دَعَانَا نَحْنُ إِيَّاهَا لَيْسَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَطْ بَلْ مِنَ الأُمَمِ أَيْضاً. كَمَا يَقُولُ فِي هُوشَعَ أَيْضاً: سَأَدْعُو الَّذِي لَيْسَ شَعْبِي شَعْبِي وَالَّتِي لَيْسَتْ مَحْبُوبَةً مَحْبُوبَةً. وَيَكُونُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ فِيهِ لَسْتُمْ شَعْبِي أَنَّهُ هُنَاكَ يُدْعَوْنَ أَبْنَاءَ اللهِ الْحَيِّ. وَإِشَعْيَاءُ يَصْرُخُ مِنْ جِهَةِ إِسْرَائِيلَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ عَدَدُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَرَمْلِ الْبَحْرِ فَالْبَقِيَّةُ سَتَخْلُصُ. لأَنَّهُ مُتَمِّمُ أَمْرٍ وَقَاضٍ بِالْبِرِّ. لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ يَصْنَعُ أَمْراً مَقْضِيّاً بِهِ عَلَى الأَرْضِ. وَكَمَا سَبَقَ إِشَعْيَاءُ فَقَالَ: لَوْلاَ أَنَّ رَبَّ الْجُنُودِ أَبْقَى لَنَا نَسْلاً لَصِرْنَا مِثْلَ سَدُومَ وَشَابَهْنَا عَمُورَةَ.”
What then shall we say? Is God unjust? Not at all! For he says to Moses,“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy
Romans 09/07-29: It is not as though God’s word had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring. For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac. Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad—in order that God’s purpose in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” What then shall we say? Is God unjust? Not at all! For he says to Moses,“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy. For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden. One of you will say to me: “Then why does God still blame us? For who is able to resist his will?” But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God? “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it, ‘Why did you make me like this?Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use? What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction? What if he did this to make the riches of his glory known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory— even us, whom he also called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? As he says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people; and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one, In the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’ Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea, only the remnant will be saved. For the Lord will carry out his sentence on earth with speed and finality.” It is just as Isaiah said previously: “Unless the Lord Almighty had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah.”